Pendapatan Perempuan Terhadap Kemiskinan dan Ketimpangan: Bukti Data Panel dari Provinsi Bali
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Apr 30, 2024
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Poverty Rate, Income Inequality, Women’s Income, Panel Regression
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Abstract
This research aims to analyze the influence of women's income on poverty levels and income inequality in the province of Bali. Using panel data from 9 city districts during the 2011-2022 period, the analytical model applied to test the functional relationship between variables is panel regression with a fixed effect approach. The research results reveal that women's income cannot significantly reduce poverty levels, but can improve income distribution in society. These findings have implications that efforts to reduce levels of inequality and poverty in the province can create an economic empowerment program that is oriented towards increasing women's income.
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Susilo, E., Ginting, Y. M., & La Basri. (2024). Pendapatan Perempuan Terhadap Kemiskinan dan Ketimpangan: Bukti Data Panel dari Provinsi Bali. Jurnal EMT KITA, 8(2), 721–729. https://doi.org/10.35870/emt.v8i2.2435
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References
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Rather, T. A., & Bhat, M. A. (2017). Measuring Women’s Empowerment and Poverty Reduction: Experiences of Hanji Women in Kashmir. Sociological Bulletin, 66(2), 191–211. DOI:10.1177/0038022917708492
Stier, H., & Lewin, A. C. (2002). Does Women’s Employment Reduce Poverty? Evidence from Israel. Work, Employment and Society, 16(2), 211–230. DOI:10.1177/095001702400426811
Wei, W., Sarker, T., Żukiewicz-Sobczak, W., Roy, R., Alam, G. M. M., Rabbany, M. G., … Aziz, N. (2021). The Influence of Women’s Empowerment on Poverty Reduction in the Rural Areas of Bangladesh: Focus on Health, Education and Living Standard. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6909. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18136909
White, S., McAllister, I., & Munro, N. (2017). Economic Inequality and Political Stability in Russia and China. Europe-Asia Studies, 69(1), 1–7. DOI:10.1080/09668136.2016.1270580
World Bank. (2018). Women, Business, and the Law 2018. World Bank Group.
Amri, K., & Adi, A. R. (2021). Apakah religiusitas keislaman mempengaruhi ketimpangan pendapatan? Bukti data panel dari provinsi Aceh. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 29(2), 147-166. https://doi.org/10.14203/JEP.29.2.2021.147-166
Amri, K. (2017) Analisis pertumbuhan ekonomi dan ketimpangan pendapatan: Panel Data 8 Provinsi di Sumatera. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi, 1(1), 1-11.
Amri, K., Adnan, M., & Julianty, J. (2023a). Pendapatan perempuan dan pendidikan anak usia dini. Pencerahan, 17 (2), 137-164.
Amri, K., Fitri, C., Ikhsan, I., & Sani, S. (2023b). Kontribusi pendapatan perempuan dalam menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan: bukti data panel di provinsi Riau. Selodang Mayang: Jurnal Ilmiah Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, 9(3), 199-205. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47521/selodangmayang.v9i3.351
Duflo, E. (2003). Grandmothers and Granddaughters: Old-Age Pensions and Intrahousehold Allocation in South Africa. The World Bank Economic Review, 17(1), 1-25.
Duflo, E. (2012). Women's empowerment and economic development. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(4), 1051-1079.
Giles, J., Park, A., & Zhang, J. (2019). The role of gender in China's economic growth. The Journal of Development Studies, 55(11), 2358-2376.
Gu, R., & Nie, F. (2021). Does empowering women benefit poverty reduction? Evidence from a multi-component program in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20(4), 1092–1106. DOI:10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63436-0
Heath, R., & Mobarak, A. M. (2015). Manufacturing growth and the lives of Bangladeshi women. Journal of Development Economics, 115, 1-15.
Hong Vo, D., Van, L. T.-H., Tran, D. B., Vu, T. N., & Ho, C. M. (2019). The Determinants of Gender Income Inequality in Vietnam: A Longitudinal Data Analysis. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 1–25. DOI:10.1080/1540496x.2019.1609443
Kabeer, N. (2005). Gender equality and women's empowerment: A critical analysis of the third Millennium Development Goal. Gender & Development, 13(1), 13-24.
Mdingi, K., & Ho, S. Y. (2021). Literature review on income inequality and economic growth. MethodsX, 8, 101402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2021.101402
Muliadi., & Amri, K. (2019). Penerimaan Zakat dan Penurunan Kemiskinan di Aceh: Peran Dana Otonomi Khusus Sebagai Pemoderasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 5(03), 231-244. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v5i3.706
Murthy, R. K., Sagayam, J., Rengalakshmi, & Nair, S. (2008). Gender, Efficiency, Poverty Reduction, and Empowerment: Reflections from an Agriculture and Credit Programme in Tamil Nadu, India. Gender and Development, 16(1), 101–116. http://www.jstor.org/sTabel/20461252
Nieuwenhuis, R., Van Lancker, W., Collado, D., & Cantillon, B. (2019). Trends in Women’s Employment and Poverty Rates in OECD Countries: A Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca Decomposition. Italian Economic Journal, 6(1), 37–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-019-00115-x.
Nolan, B., & Weisstanner, D. (2022). Rising income inequality and the relative decline in subjective social status of the working class. West European Politics, 45(6), 1206-1230. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2022.2038892.
Quisumbing, A. R., & Maluccio, J. A. (2003). Resources at marriage and intrahousehold allocation: evidence from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and South Africa. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 65(3), 283-327.
Rahman, A. (2010). Microcredit initiatives for equiTabel and sustainable development: Who pays? World Development, 38(10), 1404-1414.
Rather, T. A., & Bhat, M. A. (2017). Measuring Women’s Empowerment and Poverty Reduction: Experiences of Hanji Women in Kashmir. Sociological Bulletin, 66(2), 191–211. DOI:10.1177/0038022917708492
Stier, H., & Lewin, A. C. (2002). Does Women’s Employment Reduce Poverty? Evidence from Israel. Work, Employment and Society, 16(2), 211–230. DOI:10.1177/095001702400426811
Wei, W., Sarker, T., Żukiewicz-Sobczak, W., Roy, R., Alam, G. M. M., Rabbany, M. G., … Aziz, N. (2021). The Influence of Women’s Empowerment on Poverty Reduction in the Rural Areas of Bangladesh: Focus on Health, Education and Living Standard. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6909. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18136909
White, S., McAllister, I., & Munro, N. (2017). Economic Inequality and Political Stability in Russia and China. Europe-Asia Studies, 69(1), 1–7. DOI:10.1080/09668136.2016.1270580
World Bank. (2018). Women, Business, and the Law 2018. World Bank Group.